Tag Archives: history

Two Letters on a Ring

An old Kodak came in with its back jammed shut. When we finally forced it open, there was something hidden inside — and no one will ever know who put it there.

By Leslie Gordon · Richmond, BC · October 2026
From the counter at The Pound & The Provenance

It started with a camera that wouldn’t open. A No. 3 Folding Pocket Kodak, Model H — Rochester, New York, somewhere around 1911 to 1915 — the handsome old folding kind, with black leather over the body and deep red bellows that pleat out like an accordion. A proper hundred-year-old camera. And its back was stuck.

Not sticky. Stuck. The back panel, the part that comes off to load the film, was pushed partway out and would not move. It wouldn’t come out the rest of the way. It wouldn’t go back in. I’ve opened a great many old cameras and I had never felt one fight like this. Something was wedged in there.

When we finally got it open — and it took some doing — this is what was waiting inside the film chamber: a little wooden case, wrapped up in a dark red man’s handkerchief. Someone had hidden it in there deliberately, pushed the back cover of it to close it, and the two had been locked together so long and so tight that the camera had all but sealed itself shut around its secret.

Inside the little wooden case was a ring.

What the ring was

It looked, at first, like a heavy novelty ring. Gold, chunky, a little strange. But turn it over and there were numbers and dials worked right into the band — tiny aperture stops, shutter speeds. Not a ring pretending to be interesting. A real, working subminiature camera, built to be worn on a finger. A camera, in other words, hidden inside another camera.

What it did not have was a name. No tidy maker’s plaque, no note tucked in with it to say who or why. Just a mark cut into the band and the storage cylinder:

GF 81 ITALY Maker’s initials · Year · Country

Two letters, a year, a country. That’s the whole of what the ring would tell me outright. GF for whoever made it. 81 for 1981. ITALY for where. And a number — this one is 9 of 20 — meaning it belonged to a numbered edition, something made in a deliberately small run rather than by the thousand.

Which already raised a quiet little problem. The camera it was hidden inside is from about 1911. The ring is from 1981. Seventy years apart. Whoever did the hiding did it in my lifetime, not in some sepia past — chose an antique camera, three generations old even then, as the place to tuck something away. I find I can’t stop thinking about that, and I have no way to know the rest of it.

The hunch

Here is the part I’ll be honest about, because honesty is the whole job. I had a feeling about those two letters. Not evidence — a feeling, the kind you get after enough years of handling things. I was fairly sure GF stood for a particular maker. But a feeling is not something you can put on a tag or tell a buyer. In this trade, “I know it in my heart” and “I can prove it” are two different objects, and only one of them is worth money.

So the rule I hold to is simple: follow the marks until they either confirm the hunch or kill it. The marks are allowed to lead. The hunch is not.

The marks led somewhere.

What the marks confirmed

It turns out there is a documented record for exactly this object. The first ring camera of its kind was made in Italy in 1981, in an edition of just twenty pieces, gold-plated and numbered 001 through 020. The two letters cut into the band are the initials of the man who made it: Gianpaolo Ferro.

Everything on the ring lines up with that record — the GF, the 81, the Italy, the number inside a run of twenty. The hunch and the documentation arrived at the same door at the same time. That’s the moment a feeling becomes a fact you’re allowed to say out loud.

Ferro went on to make other versions over the following years, but only ever 107 of these ring cameras across his whole career, start to finish. Twenty of them were that first 1981 batch. This is one of those twenty.

What the ring is

Maker Gianpaolo Ferro, Italy ModelGF81 ring camera Year1981 EditionNo. 9 of 20 Finish Gold-plated Function Working subminiature camera — real aperture & shutter settings

Why a camera in a ring

The idea isn’t as far-fetched as it sounds. For most of the twentieth century, if you needed to photograph something and could not be seen doing it, the camera had to disappear. It went inside matchboxes, cigarette cases, pocket watches, wristwatches — and, yes, gold rings. The whole craft was making the machine vanish into an ordinary object.

So a camera worn on a finger belongs, at least in spirit, in a Cold War spy story. I want to be careful with that, the way I’d want any dealer to be careful with me: I can’t tell you this particular ring was ever carried by an agent or used in the field. What I can tell you is what it is — a genuine, working, finger-worn camera from 1981 — and let the imagination do the rest.

What we’ll never know

Here is the part I can’t answer, and won’t pretend to. I don’t know who hid the ring inside that camera. I don’t know why. I don’t know whether it was squirrelled away from a thief, a spouse, a government, or simply from the ordinary forgetfulness of a crowded drawer. I don’t know whose dark red handkerchief that was, or whether the person who wrapped it meant to come back for it and never did.

And I’ve decided I’m glad I don’t. A dealer is always tempted to tidy a story up — to supply the ending the object seems to be asking for. But the honest version is better than any I could invent: a working spy camera, sealed for who-knows-how-long inside a hundred-year-old Kodak, wrapped in a stranger’s handkerchief, and no one left to tell us the rest. The mystery is the inheritance. I’m the one who happened to open the box.

What I can say, I’ve said plainly — and every word of it is first-hand. The camera that wouldn’t open. The forcing of it. The little wooden case and the red handkerchief. And two letters that, followed patiently, turned out to name a man and a year. If I’d shelved the ring as a novelty, GF would have stayed GF (and meant gold-filled). The whole difference between “odd gold ring” and “documented 1981 Ferro, nine of twenty” was treating a small thing as a question worth asking.

That’s the quiet pleasure of this work. The thing in your hand is always trying to tell you what it is. Most days it manages only a word or two. My job is to take the word or two seriously enough to find out what it was trying to say — and to know when to stop, and let the rest stay a mystery.

Going to auction…

This one is at Harrington’s

Not ours to sell this time — the ring is consigned to Harrington’s Fine Jewellery Auction, and it goes to the block with its little wooden case.

Lot 92, closing Friday, October 16.

Phone 1-800-359-9021
bid.harringtonsauctions.com — search “spy camera ring,” Lot 92

A spy camera that turned out to be real — hiding, all along, behind two little letters.

Leslie · The Pound & the Provenance · 778-708-0454

The Lady on the Gentlemen’s Shelf

There is a case in the back of my shop that most people never see. The room it lives in is only half finished, so I keep the door shut and take folks in myself — which means by the time someone is standing in front of that case, we both know they are a serious person. The repeat offenders, I call them. You know the type. You are the type, or you wouldn’t still be reading.

The shelf is a gentlemen’s affair. An S.T. Dupont pen lying in its Paris box. Cut crystal. An inkwell. Pocket watches. A little brass crest from La Salle. It is the sort of collection a certain kind of man assembles on a certain kind of desk, and it photographs beautifully.

And tucked right in the middle of all that masculine ceremony is a small, dark, worn-out disc about the size of a nickel-and-a-half, that I put there entirely on purpose.

It is a medal. Silver plated — and I’ll be honest with you, the plating has given up in places and worn through to the copper underneath, with a few green freckles of age where the two metals have been arguing for ninety years. It is not valuable the way the Dupont is valuable. You could hold it and think well, that’s seen better days, and set it back down, and I would not blame you.

But turn it over and squint. The maker’s mark reads J.R. Gaunt — a British firm that stamped out cap badges and club medals by the barrowful, with a hand in Montreal. (The McCord Museum in Montreal has drawers full of the work, if you’d like to fall down that particular hole — I’ll wait here.) So half the regimental badges and society fobs in this country passed through their dies. And the front, under a little rising sun with maple leaves and Ontario trilliums around the edge, carries six initials: C.F.B.P.W.C.

The Canadian Federation of Business and Professional Women’s Clubs.Founded in 1930 — which drops them into the long quiet between the first wave of the women’s movement and the second. (They’re still going, by the way.) Working women — at a time when the phrase itself was still an argument — banding together for equal pay and a seat at the table, decades before that fight had a tidy name. The style of the thing says 1930s or ’40s to me, which puts it right at the founding. So while all those gentlemen’s objects were sitting on their desks being important, this is what the women were doing.

I don’t know whose it was. Somebody earned it, or was given it, or wore it to the meetings where the resolutions got written. I like to think she’d be quietly pleased to find herself here — the one working woman in a case full of men’s things, not asking permission, just in the room. Seemed to me exactly where she belonged.

She’s not for sale to the first person through the door. But if you ask to see the back room, and you pick her up, and you turn her over — well. We’ll have something to talk about.

Leslie
778-708-0454

The Pound & the Provenance
7791 Steveston Highway
(northwest corner of No. 3 Road and Steveston Highway)
Richmond, BC, Canada

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Please Note: I am not an appraiser, a silversmith or a gemologist. I am an antiques dealer. A generalist with a love for things with a bit of age. I had a stroke, four years ago, and AI is helping me to do better than I would have. Nothing here is false, everything here is true. I hope you enjoy it and please leave a message.

Ref. no. 1191


William S. (Billy) Brown. History of Los Padres National Forest, 1898-1945

William S. (Billy) Brown worked with the US Forest Service for 35 years, retiring in 1945. There is more of his writing out there and I will be keeping an eye open for it!

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Brown, William S. (Billy). 1945. History of Los Padres National Forest: 1898-1945. Manuscript, Los Padres National Forest, Goleta, CA.

Blakley, Elwood Robert (Jim) and Karen Barnette. Historical Overview of Los Padres National Forest, 1985.

Elwood Robert (Jim) Blakley was a Grounds Superintendent at the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden. He collected plants, mainly herbs. He was a naturalist and an historian. Karen Barnette was a Cultural Resources Special with the Los Padres National Forest Service. Jim Blakley and Karen Barnette co-authored the paper, “Historical Overview of Los Padres National Forest, 1898-1945.”

This book is out of print but is available online. It follows the “History of Los Padres National Forest” written by William S. Brown in 1948.

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Blakley, J.E., and K. Barnette. 1985. Historical overview of Los Padres National Forest. Los Padres Interpretive Association, Santa Barbara, California, USA.

Jones, Gregory. Coast redwood fire history and land use in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. San Jose State University. 2014

I have read a bit and will go through Gregory Jones’s Master’s Theses, Coast redwood fire history and land use in the Santa Cruz Mountains, tonight.

If you are unfamiliar with reading a theses, start with the introduction and then, what I do, is to move through the pages between the Introduction and the Discussion fairly quickly. I find that discussion sections can be quite interesting and, if you need more information on something that is being ‘discussed’ – you can go back and the information is probably in those pages that you turned through quickly.

If I find more by Gregory Jones, I will add it here. If you have any comments or would like to discuss this paper, I would like to hear from you!

Here are the links you need to find this work:

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Jones, Gregory.  San Jose State University.  Publications Link.

Offensive and Defensive Weapons – Churchill’s Thoughts…

I was reading.  It happens….

Actually, I was reading Winston Churchill’s “The Coming Storm.”  My thought on reading the following was that it stands repeating.

 

“The Foreign Secretary told us that it was difficult to divide weapons into offensive and defensive categories.  It certainly is, because almost every conceivable weapon may be used in defence or offence; either by an aggressor or by the innocent victim of his assault.  To make it more difficult for the invader, heavy guns, tanks, and poison gas are to be relegated to the evil category of offensive weapons.  The invasion of France by Germany in 1914 reached its climax without the employment of any of these weapons.  The heavy gun is to be described as “an offensive weapon.”  It is all right in a fortress; there it is virtuous and pacific in its character; but bring it out into the field – and, of course, if it were needed, it would be brought out into the field – and it immediately becomes naughty, peccant, militaristic, and has to be placed under the ban of civilisation.  Take the tank.  The Germans, having invade France, entrenched themselves; and in a couple of years they shot down 1,500,000 French and British soldiers who were trying to free the soil of France.  The tank was invented to overcome the fire of the machine-guns with which the Germans were maintaining themselves in France, and it saved a lot of lives in clearing the soil of the invader.  Now, apparently, the machine-gun, which was the German weapon for holding on to thirteen provinces of France, is to be the virtuous, defensive machine-gun, and the tank, which was the means by which these Allied lives were saved, is to be placed under the censure and obloquy of all just and righteous men…

A truer classification might be drawn in banning weapons which tend to be indiscriminate in their action and whose use entails death and wounds, not merely on the combatants in the fighting zones, but on the civil population, men, women, and children, far removed from those areas.  There, indeed, it seems to me would be a direction in which the united nations assembled at Geneva might advance with hope…”

Winston Churchill.  The Gathering Storm.  1948.  Houghton Mifflin Company.

 

Weapons do not harm people. People harm people.  People with weapons can usually cause more harm than people without weapons.  I believe that a good portion of Britain’s Bobbys are still armed only with a hickory nightstick…

Time, Through the Eyes of a Child and, William Faulkner…

I have been reading lately.  I have been reading a lot, lately….

 

The Sound and the Fury.  Written by William Faulkner.  First published in 1929.  Free to read online.  Free and available at most public libraries.  Inexpensive at book sales.  Available in used book stores…

I have not actually finished this novel.  It is a very difficult work to read.  I think I could just skim through it and I would know a few names, a few characters.  I can’t do that to this book.

There are no chapters.  There is simply an awareness of others and the unspoken thoughts of one.  It took me a long time to realize this even though the difference between the two modes of communication are visibly apparent (unspoken thought is in italics).  Neither the past nor the future seems to hold any relevance as the present unravels with painful awareness.

The book begins with the unspoken thoughts of a pre-verbal child.  A slow child.  A child not like the others.  Faulkner gave me the opportunity to listen in to this child’s impressions of the world.  To the unspoken needs and desires of one.

About halfway through the book, possibly this is about halfway through a young man’s life, a watch crystal is purposefully broken and the hands are removed.  Time is still running but the ability to count the seconds into minutes, the minutes into hours….  using that watch, has been stilled.  Does time have meaning if you can no longer measure it?

This book has grown difficult again.  I am putting it down, again.  I have not read any of the hundreds of discussions on this book.  I would like to wait until I finish it and come to my own conclusions.  For this reason, Faulker and his boys will have to wait on me.  Time, for the written word may be almost endless.  These words will wait for me….

 

I found this book, and many more, in a library book sale.  I had purchased other books the day before and was given a paper bag with $5 written on it.  If I came back the next day I could fill my paper bag with paperbacks.  As many as the bag would hold.  They would all be mine for that $5.  I did.  I have found some wonderful books this way.

Library book sales are often run by groups called “Friends of the Library” or a similar name.  Your local library may hold these sales several times a year.  There are many charitable organizations that also hold book drives and book sales.  These are fun events and great places to begin building a library of real books or, adding to your existing collection, with real friends….

 

 

 

 

National Gallery Postcard, circa 1950’s – van de Velde, Coast Scene: Calm

This is a vintage postcard out of my collection.  I like pieces of paper.  They are tangible things that people place a great deal of trust in.  Maps, charts, postcards, money, stamps….  They are all worth something, they just aren’t always worth a lot.

Please note that several of the links I have placed in this post are slightly ‘off topic.’  That is, there is a link showing for Trafalgar Square but, it is a link to “interglacial deposits” that were found there during the 1950s.  There is so much to this world that is just beneath the surface (or, the pavement….).

 

This postcard was printed for the National Gallery in London – and most likely purchased as a gallery souvenir.

National Gallery, Card No. 1115. Van de Velde: Coast Scene: Calm (871).  Printed in Great Britain for the Trustees under the authority of Her Majesty's Stationery Office by Waterlow & Sons Limited, London.  Wt: P1838

National Gallery, Card No. 1115. Van de Velde: Coast Scene: Calm (871). Printed in Great Britain for the Trustees under the authority of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by Waterlow & Sons Limited, London. Wt: P1838

The National Gallery, located in Trafalgar Square, London, was established in 1824 and has been open to the public – free of charge – for most of the years between then and now…

The painting on this postcard is “Dutch Vessels Inshore and Men Bathing” by Willem van de Velde, 1661.  It is a painting of Men-of-War and men.

 

There are links to peer-reviewed articles in this post.  There is a lot of knowledge in these papers.  One of my many habits is to go through the reference lists, end notes and bibliographies to look for more information that I might enjoy reading.  This is a link to a small portion of the research that the authors of the articles have included.

Reading List for April 16, 2015 post

Why?  Because everything is connected…

 

 

Dear Mr. Deity,

Thank you for sending us your newest YouTube video.  You have taken great care to explain why it is wrong to punch someone in the nose for not liking someone’s mom and I appreciate this!

 

A link to Mr. Deity

The Way of the Mister  —  These words are offensive!  This video is offensive!  It is a must watch!  I am not offended by this video, I am offended by the fact that the Catholic Church will probably get away with yet another offensive speech by yet another offensive leader, without understanding what it is they have done, are doing, and will likely continue to do.

I have a hard copy of the transcript (available beneath the YouTube video), just in case it disappears!

A link to the article in The Guardian where the Pope is quoted.

 

There is no excuse.

 

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Now, a few bits from articles on a few of the points made by Mr. Deity (aka Brian Keith Dalton).  It is important because it is all connected!

Please note that I have not read any of these articles (yet).  I have taken a quick peek and I have saved and/or printed them for later perusal and bibliography mining!

 

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Satire:

Botha, E.  2014.  A means to an end:  Using political satire to go viral.  Public Relations Review, Volume 40, Number 1.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.11.023

Joan Ozark Holmer.  1981.  Religious Satire in Herrick’s “The Fairie Temple: or, Oberons Chappell.“  Renaissance and Reformation: Renaissance et Réforme, Volume 17, No. 1, pages 40-56.

Drew Kaup.  2014.  Unaffiliation:  Where the New Atheists Went Wrong, and How South Park Paved the Way for the ‘Rise of the Nones’.  Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Emory College of Arts and Sciences of Emory University, Department of Religion.

Heather L. LaMarre, Kristen D. Landreville and Michael A. Beam.  2009.  The Irony of Satire:  Political Ideology and the Motivation to See What You Want to See in The Colbert Report.  International Journal of Press/Politics, Volume 14, Number 2, April 2009, pages 212-231.

Richard Strier.  2011.  The Unrepentant Renaissance:  from Petrarch to Shakespeare to Milton.  University of Chicago Press.  (Available in libraries, bookstores and online.)

George W. Whiting.  1930.  Political Satire in London Stage Plays, 1680-83.  Modern Philology, Volume 28, No. 1 (August, 1930), pages 29-43.

 

Moral Credibility:

Dan M. Kahan.  1997.  Between Economics and Sociology:  The New Path of Deterrence.  Michigan Law Review, Volume 95, No. 8 (August 1997), pages 2477-2497.

Paul H. Robinson.  1994.  Moral Credibility and Crime.  The Atlantic Monthly. 8/18/1994.  Draft only.

Paul H. Robinson and Sarah Robinson.  2014.  Punishment:  Drop City and the Utopian Communes, Chapter 3 in Living Beyond the Law:  Lessons from Pirates, Prisoners, Lepers, and Survivors.  Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, and Plymouth, UK:  Rowman & Littlefield.  Pages 49-62.

 

The Catholic Pope and Violence:

Patrick McKinley Brennan.  2013.  Subsidiarity in the Tradition of Catholic Social Doctrine, Chapter in Subsidiarity in Comparative Perspective.  Michelle Evans and Augusto Zimmermann (eds.).  Springer.  Villanova University School of Law, School of Law Working Paper Series, 2012, Paper 173.

Jeffrey S. Burwell.  2014.  Pope Francis and Bill 18:  How his vision of non-judgment could temper the ways that administrators of Catholic schools in Manitoba integrate the Safe and Inclusive Schools amendment.  University of Manitoba, St. Paul’s College.

Christian Fiala and Joyce H. Arthur.  2014.  “Dishonourable disobedience” – Why refusal to treat in reproductive healthcare is not conscientious objection.  Women – Psychosomatic Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Volume 1, December 2014, pages 12-23.

Warwick Middleton, Pam Stavropoulos, Martin J. Dorahy, Christa Kruger, Roberto Lewis-Fernandez, Alfonso Martinez-Taboas, Vedat Sar and Bethany Brand.  2014.  The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.  Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 48, Number 17, pages 17-21.  DOI: 10.1177/0004867413514639

Kurt Nelson.  2014.  Review of Faith, Resistance, and the Future:  Daniel Berrigan’s Challenge to Catholic Social Thought.  James L. Marsh and Anna J. Brown (Eds.).  New York:  Fordham University Press, 2012.  (Available in libraries, bookstores and online.) Journal of Catholic Education, Volume 17, Issue 2, Article 11, pages 175-178.

Gareth C. Payne, Rebecca E. Payne, and Daniel M. Farewell.  2008.  Rugby (the religion of Wales) and its influence on the Catholic Church.  Should Pope Benedict XVI be worried?  BMJ.com  doi:10.1136/bmj.a2768

 

Freedom of Speech:

Zechariah Chafee, J.  1919.  Freedom of Speech in War Time.  Harvard Law Review, Volume 32, No. 8 (Jun., 1919), pages 932-973.

Erwin Chemerinsky.  2000.  Content Neutrality as a Central Problem of Freedom of Speech:  Problems in the Supreme Court’s Application.  S. Cal. L. Rev. 74:  49.

Charles C. Helwig.  1995.  Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Conceptions of Civil Liberties:  Freedom of Speech and Religion.  Child Development, Volume 66, Number 1,  Pages 152-166.

Lasa Sun.  2014.  The role of diversity on freedom of speech in democratic societies.  International Journal of Sustainable Human Development, Volume 2, Number 2, pages 44-51.

Gary Watt.  2014.  Judicial Allusion as Ornament:  A Response to John Curtis’s, ‘Twitter, King Lear, and the Freedom of Speech.’  Exchanges: the Warwick Research Journal, Volume 1, No. 2.  University of Warwick.

 

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I have given myself a big list to prepare for you!  A combined bibliography with links will be available soon.  If I take too long, please send a  note.  It helps to know there are people waiting for these.

 

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Now, go read!  Then make up your own mind and leave a comment…

Also, please add links to more articles and books in the comments.  There is so much more!

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Re-Making of History…

I want to explain this precis a little bit before you read it.  I have struggled with this one.  The article is the story of an archaeological site that became a museum.  It is only one of a multitude of post-WWII stories.

At Toro, it wasn’t actually history that was reworked, it was pre-history.  What was done was to rediscover a people that had been there 2,000 years before and to give the people of post-WWII something to work towards and to live for.

There was a conscious decision made, to either rewrite or abandon certain aspects of history and prehistory and to take only the positive and politically correct bits of Toro’s prehistory and fold them into a past that could bring Japan together as a community. The true story of the Yayoi people of Toro is not in this article nor is it likely to be found in the museum at Toro. The true story of Toro may not ever be found as the site was completely excavated and used to help bring together the broken pieces of a post-WWII society. It was one of many ways chosen to reestablish a place in the world for Japan and the Japanese after World War II.

I have tried very hard not to put my thoughts into the writing of this summary.  Thoughts formed from this story belong in the discussion.  Whether you agree or disagree with my thoughts, my writing, or the writing of Walter Edwards, I welcome your comments…

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Article:  Buried Discourse: The Toro Archaeological Site and Japanese National Identity in the Early Postwar Period.

Author:  Walter Edwards

Source:  Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol 17, No. 1 (Winter, 1991), pages 1-23.

My copy was downloaded on March 27, 2014.

~~~

My Precis

The reworking of history is not a new idea, it is an idea that works. Using only the most acceptable and positive aspects of tradition and culture, the history found at the archaeological site of Toro was reworked to give a sense of hope and belonging to the devastated people of postwar Japan.

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My Precis Expanded:

In July of 1947 archaeologists and supporters gathered for the ground-breaking ceremony at the Toro archaeological site. The end of WWII had taken a toll on the people of Japan. Her Emperor had lost the status of an immortal God and the country had been devastated. The excavation at Toro was seen as a way of bringing the people together as a community with a new found sense of history, belonging and community.

During WWII, the Toro site was a paddy field designated to be the site of a proposed propeller factory.  An excavation of fill to raise and level the building site uncovered pottery, wooden stakes and utensils. These were taken to a nearby school where the educational value was recognized and work began to turn the site away from industrial use. In August of 1943, an emergency excavation uncovered a Yayoi agricultural settlement complete with buildings and an irrigation system. Then, in June of 1945, the unfinished propeller factory and the surrounding area were razed by an incendiary bombing strike. Most of the excavated finds were lost in the fires.

After the war, the archaeologists were ready to go back and salvage what was left.  In the fall of 1946, a committee of scholars, professionals, and specialists, for the investigation of the Toro site was formed, a plan was put together, permissions were granted and work began in July of 1947. With shortages of everything, including food and money, volunteer students uncovered eight thatched roof dwellings. Wood, especially cedar, was found to be the most common material used for everyday items. Plates, bowls, spoons, fire starting kits, chairs, and sandals were found. Agricultural tools such as hoes and rakes were made of hard woods. Iron, for blades for carving knives and other implements, appeared to have been plentiful but the acidic, wet soil conditions left no traces of metal.

With the finds at Toro in hand, the head archaeologist painted a picture of a peaceful and prosperous village site. Newspaper articles kept the people of Japan appraised of the progress and letters from well-wishers were an inspiration to the volunteers. At the end of the first summer, the government pledged its support for the following years and an exhibition was opened at the Tokyo National Museum. Four years of excavation and 4.5 million yen saw the entire site excavated, preserved, and sections rebuilt and formed into a park.

Literature, folk tales and sociology had been starting to combine in pre-war Japan and the foundation of change had begun. The committee that was in charge of the excavation of Toro was also in charge of a site of unification of Japanese historic culture. Toro and the professional development of its history were providing material proof of an unknown cultural history.

Japan of the Yayoi was characterized as being similar to modern Japan. The rice paddies were neat, the dykes carefully built, the tools similar to those in common use just a few decades ago. This agricultural ethic fundamentally supported the emperor system while the Emperor was busy turning public eyes away from government and towards the remaking of history. In a nation caught up in all-encompassing western reform, the idea of a history of uniqueness was something to hold onto while everything changed. The idea was simply to take only the positive history that could help bring the people of Japan together and give it to them to use.

These were times of crisis and this was medicine that had worked before, in other times, for other cultures. Post-war Japan was glossing over its militaristic history and equipping the new “culture” with hoes, spades, and a peaceful and prosperous past. The logic used to turn Japan from a warring nation to a peaceful one was the logic of “community.”

The swing from a defeated nation to strong economic success and national identity was not accomplished by any one person, group or project alone. It was the effort of an entire community with strong leadership from the government to the educators. Even though history was reworked using only images that were of an acceptable form, the Japanese have never truly abandoned the rest of their heritage and have held onto their sense of national identity. What happened at Toro was that a nation came together as a community to remake their history and to press “an aspect” of tradition into service. This service would change the direction of the cultural identity of Japan.

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I found the original article through a journal search using JSTOR. You can find the full article here in a “read online” format:

http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/132905?uid=3739448&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3737720&uid=4&sid=21104281844051

If you have any trouble locating the article please contact me or, call your local college or university library for assistance.